RS1 Exhibit knowledge of language structure

RS2 Recognize that there may be more than one interpretation of reading selections

RS3 Recognize various literary devices

RS4 Recognize and discuss literary elements

RS5 Develop and use an increasingly sophisticated vocabulary gained through context (4)

RS6 Apply knowledge of language structure to reading

RS7 Explain why there may be more than one interpretation of reading selections

RS8 Recognize effect of literacy devices on meaning

RS9 Analyze author's use of literary elements

RS10 Recognize relationship of structure to meaning

RS11 Describe various interpretations and meaning levels in reading selections (2)

RS12 Characterize author's use of literary devices

RS13 Characterize use of literary techniques (2)

RS14 Critique a variety of literature with regard to plot, dialogue, theme, setting, and characterization (4)

RS15 Apply an expanding vocabulary gained through reading (2)

RS16 Explain various interpretations and meaning levels in reading selections (2)

RS17 Analyze use of literary techniques (e.g., extended metaphor, simile, personification, hyperbole, pun, alliteration) (6)

RS18 Understand use of literary devices (e.g., irony, satire, allegory, onomatopoeia) (2)

RS19 Analyze and synthesize pieces of literature with regard to plot, dialogue, theme, setting, and characterization (6)

RM1 Demonstrate ability to recognize appropriate pre-reading strategies (3)

RM2 Describe effectiveness of a reading selection (1)

RM3 Read to clarify personal thinking and knowledge (3)

RM4 Support interpretation of text by locating and citing specific information (32)

RM5 Develop personal response to a variety of literary works (9)

RM6 Recognize diverse literary interpretations (10)

RM7 Engage in self-selected reading activities (7)

RM8 Confirm and extend meaning in reading by researching new concepts and facts (19)

RM9 Self-monitor and apply corrective strategies when communication has been interrupted or lost (14)

RM10 Use features of literary genres to extend meaning (5)

RM11 Assess effectiveness of a selection read

RM12 Use reading as a possible problem-solving strategy to clarify personal thinking and knowledge (11)

RM13 Use knowledge of semantic elements (e.g., figurative language, denotation, connotation, dialect) to clarify meaning when reading (3)

RM14 Predict, recognize, interpret, and analyze themes based on familiarity with author's work (3)

RM15 Compare and contrast literary genres (4)

RM16 Assess validity and quality of selection read (47)

RM17 Clarify meaning when reading (3)

RM18 Compare personal reaction to critical assessment of a literary selection (4)

RM19 Assess validity of diverse literary interpretations

RM20 Use reference books to find, evaluate, and synthesize information (48)

RM21 Identify tone of a literary work (1)

RM22 Critique validity of diverse literary interpretations (5)

RM23 Integrate personal reaction to and critical assessment of a literary selection (4)

RA1 Select and read material for personal enjoyment and information

RA2 Read a variety of complete, unabridged works

RA3 Employ various reading strategies according to purpose (3)

RA4 Participate in selection of books, materials, and topics for literature study groups

RA5 Develop and apply knowledge of the interrelationship of concepts (1)

RA6 Read selections from a variety of styles and formats, recognizing that style and format influence meaning (3)

RA7 Extend value of reading, writing, speaking, viewing, and listening by pursuing, through reading, new concepts and interests developed as a result of these activities

RA8 Read extensively from a particular author's work and explain elements of author's style (2)

WS1 Develop and expand a repertoire of organizational strategies (e.g., narration, comparison/ contrast, and description) through a practice and discussion (52)

WS2 Clarify word choice according to audience, topic, and purpose (10)

WS3 Locate and correct errors in usage, spelling, and mechanics using a variety of resources (12)

WS4 Recognize information gained from primary and secondary sources (37)

WS5 Develop writing which contains ordered, related, well-developed paragraphs with sentences of varied lengths and patterns (15)

WS6 Use information from a variety of sources to develop an integrated piece of writing (58)

WS7 Evaluate and revise writing to focus on such things as audience, tone, and purpose (12)

WS8 Recognize differences between documentation and reference list styles (12)

WS9 Develop extended pieces of writing which contain ordered, related, well-developed paragraphs with sentences of varied lengths and patterns (21)

WS10 Select from a repertoire of organization strategies a pattern appropriate to a topic (16)

WS11 Synthesize information from a variety of sources (51)

WS12 Refine word choice and tone according to audience, situation, and purpose (17)

WS13 Appropriately cite information gained from primary and secondary sources (46)

WS14 Use style manuals or software to prepare documentation and reference lists (49)

WS15 Develop effectively organized pieces of expository writing containing strong voice, clear thesis, and well-developed ideas (18)

WS16 Identify organization patterns appropriate to writing topic (20)

WS17 Respond to others' suggested revisions to a writing piece (3)

WM1 Demonstrate knowledge of the recursive nature of the writing process by applying it appropriately to various topics, situations, and audiences (1)

WM2 Develop criteria for writing evaluation using scoring guides and peer/teacher assistance to clarify meaning

WM3 Respond to others' suggested revisions to a piece of writing (8)

WM4 Use word processing, graphics, and publishing aids to construct meaning in writing (19)

WM5 Engage in self-initiated writing activities (2)

WM6 Incorporate personal criteria with generally accepted standards for writing evaluation

WM7 Evaluate, analyze, and synthesize information for writing (5)

WM8 Evaluate own writing using personal and established scoring criteria (1)

WM9 Assess personal/peer revisions to a writing piece (51)

WM10 Recognize and refine personal writing styles (2)

WA1 Apply appropriate writing techniques suitable for varied writing tasks (31)

WA2 Use sentence-combining techniques to improve syntactic fluency and maturity

WA3 Write in response to prompted and self-selected topics in practical, persuasive, descriptive, narrative, and expository domains (3)

WA4 Develop personal voice in writing (7)

WA5 Consider audience and purpose for writing (43)

WA6 Develop criteria for selection and potential development of topic (21)

WA7 Write in a journal or learning log to clarify personal thinking and knowledge (1)

WA8 Apply an expanding vocabulary gained through writing

WA9 Make judicious use of reference sources (e.g., dictionary, thesaurus, on-lien data base, encyclopedia) (21)

WA10 Demonstrate, an appreciation for aesthetically pleasing language through word choice and style (16)

WA11 Apply revising and editing strategies needed for writing task (29)

WA12 Vary sentence lengths and patterns (9)

WA13 Refine personal voice in writing (7)

WA14 Vary styles and formats for intended purpose and audience (14)

WA15 Apply criteria for selection and development of topic (8)

WA16 Participate in peer review of writing in progress (24)

WA17 Use transitions between sentences, ideas, and paragraphs in writing (26)

WA18 Revise and edit papers extensively in preparation for presentation/publication (8)

WA19 Develop a variety of genres (1)

WA20 Focus writing and tone on such elements as audience, situation, and purpose (23)

WA21 Develop topic fully and appropriately (21)

WA22 Use writing process to clarify personal thinking and knowledge (5)

WA23 Apply appropriate recursive writing process as suggested by writing task and writer's process

WA24 Develop an extended piece of writing

WA25 Revise writing and tone to assure focus on such elements as audience, situation, and purpose (28)

WA26 Use writing process to write reflectively

WM1 Use writing process for learning across curriculum

WM2 Use writing process to demonstrate knowledge of need for human rights and freedom

WM3 Value and apply collaborative skills in writing process

WM4 Write in response to reading, speaking, viewing, and listening

WM5 Use multidisciplinary resources in writing projects

WM6 Use writing process to facilitate learning across curriculum

WM7 Recognize value of and engage in collaboration in writing process

WM8 Use communication processes to develop a published writing piece in collaboration with others

WM9 Record experiences and observations related to content learning (6)

WM10 Apply collaborative skills in writing process

WM11 Write collaboratively with peers

WM12 Use cross-disciplinary resources in writing projects

LS1 Listen to and view a wide variety of genres (2)

LS2 Become aware of an author's style through listening and viewing a variety of works (2)

LS3 Recognize correct and appropriate grammar, diction, and syntax

LS4 Expand vocabulary through listening to and viewing varied media

LS5 Recognize beauty of language

LS6 Enhance recognition of an author's style through listening and viewing a variety of works

LS7 Recognize use and misuse of language in media

LS8 Refine knowledge of style through listening and viewing multiple works by the same author

LS9 Expand and refine grammar, diction, and syntax through listening

LS10 Compare authors' styles through viewing and listening to their works

LS11 Expand knowledge of complex grammar, diction, and syntax issues

LM1 Develop critical thinking skills necessary to evaluate media and assess oral presentations (15)

LM2 Compare new oral texts to past experiences and knowledge in order to enhance comprehension (5)

LM3 Recognize how rhythmic patterns, silence, and cadences enhance quality of speech and literature (2)

LM4 Focus listening and viewing on themes and/or plots (8)

LM5 Gather information from listening and viewing experiences to enhance research (30)

LM6 Use critical thinking skills to evaluate media and oral presentations (25)

LM7 Use prior knowledge and experiences to facilitate comprehension of new oral texts (16)

LM8 Identify rhythmic and time patterns in speech and literature (1)

LM9 Identify and analyze themes and/or plots when listening and viewing (2)

LM10 Use information gathered from listening and viewing experiences to expand research (5)

LM11 Enhance use of critical thinking skills to evaluate media and oral presentations (13)

LM12 Consider prior knowledge and experiences when attempting to understand the meaning of new texts (24)

LM13 Appreciate rhythmic and time patterns of speech and literature

LM14 Select viewing and listening materials to support written text

LM15 Evaluate media and oral presentations analytically and critically (15)

LM16 Organize prior knowledge and experiences to comprehend new texts (1)

LM17 Organize and use viewing and listening materials to support written text (2)

LA1 Listen attentively during oral reading (2)

LA2 Use media as stimuli for learning and thinking

LA3 Develop knowledge of structure through art, music, and literature

LA4 Use electronic media to enhance and highlight language learning (1)

LA5 Listen and view for entertainment and enjoyment

LA6 Use technology and other media as means of expressing ideas (3)

LM1 Facilitate learning across curriculum through critical listening and viewing

LM2 Engage in individual, small-group, and whole-group listening and viewing activities

LM3 Develop language arts (e.g., viewing, listening) projects collaboratively

LM4 Investigate language and cultural differences through listening and viewing activities

LM5 Participate in a community of learners through productive listening (1)

OS1 Refine oral communication skills (12)

OS2 Demonstrate knowledge of grammar, usage, and syntax when presenting (3)

OS3 Select topics and vocabulary suitable to audience (14)

OS4 Organize notes and ideas for speaking (11)

OS5 Use language imaginatively (2)

OS6 Modulate voice to meaning when interpreting literature orally (8)

OS7 Organize notes and ideas for formal, semiformal and informal presentations of information (3)

OS8 Refine speaking techniques for formal, semiformal, and informal settings (5)

OS9 Develop repertoire of organizational strategies for presenting information orally (11)

OS10 Expand vocabulary to fit topic (1)

OS11 Select topics suitable to audience, situation, and purpose (6)

OS12 Select appropriate strategies when organizing notes and ideas for speaking (4)

OM1 Make connections between prior knowledge and new information for oral presentations (13)

OM2 Participate in informal speaking activities (1)

OM3 Use interviewing techniques to gather information (20)

OM4 Communicate orally to entertain and to inform (5)

OM5 Participate in group communication activities (8)

OM6 Take and organize notes when preparing speech/presentation (17)

OM7 Interpret texts orally to illustrate meaning

OM8 Respond to needs of various audiences (25)

OM9 Gather and assess information for speaking (11)

OM10 Communicate orally to inform and persuade (21)

OM11 Prepare and deliver formal speech/presentation (1)

OM12 Participate in a variety of oral interpretations

OM13 Assess needs of audience and adjust language and presentation according to their knowledge (30)

OM14 Analyze and synthesize information for speaking (4)

OM15 Describe effectiveness of literary selection

OM16 Describe topic or idea in order to clarify personal/audience thinking (5)

OM17 Analyze and synthesize information gathered from a variety of sources for speaking (9)

OM18 Describe validity and/or quality of a literary selection and justify selection

OM19 Interpret orally a variety of literature

OM20 Describe topic or idea to clarify meaning for others (11)

OA1 Become proficient at using interviewing techniques (29)

OA2 Give an oral interpretation for a specific audience

OA3 Develop and apply oral communication skills for cooperative/collaborative learning (4)

OA4 Use oral communication for a variety of purposes and audiences (e.g., negotiations, book reviews, rationales) (9)

OA5 Develop and apply decision-making strategies

OA6 Practice interviewing techniques (14)

OA7 Apply interviewing techniques to purposeful interviews (29)

OA8 Focus oral interpretation on a specific audience (14)

OM1 Value thinking and language of others (2)

OM2 Develop oral projects collaboratively (2)

OM3 Be involved in individual, small-group, and whole-group language activities

OM4 Participate actively in a community of learners

OM5 Investigate language and cultural differences through oral language activities (9)

NR1 Compare, order, and determine equivalence of real numbers (44)

NR2 Estimate answers, compute, and solve problems involving real numbers (46)

NR3 Compare and contrast real number system, rational number system, and whole number system (29)

NR4 Extend knowledge to complex number system and develop facility with its operation (6)

M1 Estimate and use measurements (37)

M2 Understand need for measurement and probability that any measurement is accurate to some designated specification (3)

M3 Understand and apply measurements related to power and work (31)

M4 Understand and apply measurement concepts of distance-rate-time problems and acceleration problems (6)

M5 Use real experiments to investigate elasticity, heat, sound, electricity, magnetism, light, acceleration, velocity, energy, and gravity (24)

M6 Use real-world problem situations involving mass and weight

M7 Use real-world problem situations involving simple harmonic motion (2)

M8 Establish ratios with and without common units (23)

M9 Construct and interpret maps, tables, charts, and graphs as they relate to real-world mathematics (13)

M10 Understand and solve rate-change problems (9)

M11 Understand and solve right triangle relationships as they relate to measurement, specifically to Pythagorean theorem

M12 Graph and interpret ordered pairs

M13 Compute total sales from a variety of items (1)

M14 Comprehend and compute rates of growth or decay (15)

M15 Comprehend, compute, and interpret real problems involving annuities (3)

M16 Develop an ability to identify real problems and provide possible solutions (7)

M17 Express and apply different types of measurement scales (12)

M18 Identify area and volume (3)

E1 Use estimation to eliminate choices in multiple-choice tests

E2 Use estimation to determine reasonableness of problem situations in a wide variety of applications

E3 Estimate shape of graphs of various functions and algebraic expressions

E4 Use mental computation when computer and calculator are inappropriate

D1 Organize data into tables, charts, and graphs (27)

D2 Understand and apply measures of central tendency, variability, and correlation (29)

D3 Use curve fitting to predict from data (17)

D4 Use experimental or theoretical probability, as appropriate, to represent and solve problems involving uncertainty (32)

D5 Use computer simulations and random number generators to estimate probabilities (28)

D6 Test hypotheses using appropriate statistics (29)

D7 Read, interpret, and use tables, charts, and graphs to identify patterns, note trends, draw conclusions, and make predictions (51)

D8 Identify probabilities of events involving unbiased objects (9)

D9 Use sampling and recognize its role in statistical claims (16)

D10 Design a statistical experiment to study problem, conduct experiment, and interpret and communicate outcomes (43)

D11 Describe normal curve in general terms and use its properties (6)

D12 Create and interpret discrete probability distributions (10)

D13 Understand concept of random variable (27)

D14 Apply concept of random variable to generate and interpret probability distributions, including binomial, uniform, and chi square (34)

A1 Describe problem situations by using and relating numerical, symbolic, and graphical representations (14)

A2 Use language and notation of functions in symbolic and graphing settings (11)

A3 Recognize and use equivalent zeros of a function, roots and the solution of an equation in terms of graphical and symbolic representations (14)

A4 Describe and use logic of equivalence in working with equations, inequalities, and functions (12)

A5 Develop graphical techniques of solution for problem situations involving functions (6)

A6 Explore and describe characterizing features of functions (9)

A7 Make arguments and proofs in algebraic settings (1)

A8 Factor difference of two squares (1)

A9 Identify slope, midpoint, and distance (4)

A10 Explore and combine rational functions (4)

A11 Explore factoring techniques (1)

A12 Solve quadratic equations by factoring and formula (1)

A13 Set up and solve linear equations (11)

A14 Solve systems of linear equations with two variables (4)

A15 Describe geometric situations and phenomena using variables, equations, and functions (7)

A16 Describe measures of central tendency, mean, median, mode, and variance algebraically and graphically (4)

A17 Represent inequalities on number line and in coordinate plane (3)

A18 Use coordinate arguments in making geometric proofs (1)

A19 Symbolize transformations of figures and graphs (6)

A20 Explore geometric basis for functions of trigonometry (5)

A21 Graph linear functions (4)

A22 Develop and use vectors to represent direction and magnitude including operations (6)

A23 Use polar and parametric equations to describe, graph, and solve problem situations (1)

A24 Represent sequences and series as functions both algebraically and graphically (1)

A25 Explore recursive functions and procedures using spreadsheets, other computer utilities, and appropriate notions (4)

A26 Describe and solve algebraic situations with matrices (3)

A27 Describe and use inverse relationship between functions including exponential and logarithmic (10)

A28 Analyze and describe errors and error sources that can be made when using computers and calculators to solve problems (3)

A29 Decide whether problem situation is best solved using computer, calculator, paper and pencil, or mental arithmetic/estimation techniques (7)

A30 Explore relationships between complex numbers and vectors (2)

A31 Make arguments concerning limits, convergence and divergence in context involving sequences, series, and other types of functions (5)

A32 Represent transformations in plane with matrices (1)

A33 Contrast and compare algebra's of rational, real, and complex numbers with characteristics of a matrix algebra system (3)

A34 Construct polynomial approximations of a function over specified intervals of convergence

A35 Examine complex numbers as zeros of functions (2)

A36 Translate verbal statements into symbolic language (2)

A37 Simplify algebraic expressions

A38 Use laws and exponents (including scientific notation) (1)

A39 Expand and extend idea of vectors and linear algebra to higher dimensional situations (2)

A40 Use the idea of independent basis elements for a vector space and associated fundamental concepts of finite dimensional linear algebra (6)

A41 Develop and communicate arguments about limit situations (1)

A42 Use matrices to describe and apply transformations (1)

A43 Develop and use polar and parametric equations to represent problem situations (7)

A44 Explore proofs by mathematical induction (2)

G1 Create and interpret drawings of three-dimensional objects (4)

G2 Represent problem situations with geometric models and apply properties of figures (6)

G3 Apply Pythagorean theorem

G4 Demonstrate knowledge of angles and parallel and perpendicular lines (8)

G5 Explore inductive and deductive reasoning through applications to various subject areas (12)

G6 Translate between synthetic and coordinate representations (1)

G7 Identify congruent and similar figures using transformation with computer programs (10)

G8 Deduce properties of figures using transformations and coordinates (9)

G9 Use deductive reasoning (5)

G10 Explore compass and straightedge constructions in context of geometric theorems (2)

G11 Demonstrate knowledge of and ability to use proof (4)

G12 Use variety of proof techniques (e.g., synthetic, transformational, and coordinate) (3)

G13 Use variety of proof formats, including T-proof (i.e., two-column) and paragraph proof (3)

G14 Explore different proof strategies (3)

G15 Investigate different proofs of theorems (3)

G16 Develop knowledge of an axiomatic system (3)

G17 Apply transformations and coordinates in problem solving (4)

G18 Represent problem situations with geometric models and apply properties of figures (3)

G19 Deduce properties of figures using vectors (5)

G20 Analyze properties of Euclidean transformations and relate translations to vectors (1)

G21 Apply vectors in problem solving (5)

G22 Develop further knowledge of axiomatic systems by investigating and comparing various geometry's

P1 Model real-world phenomena with polynomial and exponential functions (2)

P2 Explore relationship between zeros and intercepts of functions (2)

P3 Translate among tables, algebraic expressions, and graphs of functions

P4 Use graphing calculator or computer to generate graph of a function (22)

P5 Explore relationship between a linear function and its inverse (28)

P6 Describe and use characteristics of polynomial functions in problem-solving situations (2)

P7 Explore conic sections and graph using graphing calculator or computer (2)

P8 Apply trigonometric functions to problem situations involving triangles (14)

P9 Discover relationships between algebraic description, kind, and properties of conic (7)

P10 Explore periodic real-world phenomena using sine and cosine functions (7)

P11 Analyze effects of parameter changes on graphs (2)

P12 Use graphing calculator or computer to graph functions (7)

P13 Develop an knowledge of rational and transcendental functions (2)

P14 Understand connections between trigonometric and circular functions (2)

P15 Use circular functions to model periodic real-world functions (3)

P16 Solve trigonometric equations and verify trigonometric identities (14)

P17 Understand connections between trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions and polar coordinates, complex numbers, and series (23)

P18 Model real-world phenomena with a variety of functions (17)

P19 Graph using polar coordinates (11)

P20 Explore graphs in three dimensions (15)

P21 Explore functions of several variables (15)

P22 Explore recursive functions using spreadsheets and/or programming languages (5)

Q1 Check the appropriateness and accuracy of measures and computations using various strategies (e.g., estimations, unit analysis, determination of significant figures) (3)

Q2 Use ratios, proportions, and probabilities in appropriate problem situations (1)

Q3 Translate information from and represent information in various forms with equal ease (e.g., tables, charts, graphs, diagrams, geometric figures) (7)

Q4 Use existing algebraic formulas and create new ones in appropriate problem-solving situations (4)

Q5 Estimate and justify probabilities of outcomes of familiar situations based on experimentation and other strategies (2)

Q6 Invent apparatus and mechanical tools needed to perform unique tasks in various situations (3)

Q7 Identify, compare, and contrast different modes of inquiry, habits of mind, and attitudes and dispositions (4)

Q8 Design investigations that are safe and ethical (i.e., obtain consent and inform others of potential outcomes, risks and benefits, and show evidence of concern for human health and safety, concern for non-human species) (2)

Q9 Make and read scale drawings, maps, models, and other representations to aid planning and understanding

Q10 Seek elaboration and justification of data and ideas, and reflect on alternative interpretations of the information (10)

Q11 Utilize appropriate units for counts and measures

Q12 Create and use databases (electronic and other) to collect, organize, and verify data and observations (2)

Q13 Design and conduct investigations with multiple variables (3)

Q14 Communicate the results of investigations clearly in a variety of situations (3)

Q15 Examine relationships in nature, offer alternative explanations for the observations, and collect evidence that can be used to help judge among explanations (7)

Q16 Trace the development (e.g., history, controversy, and ramifications) of various theories, focusing on supporting evidence and modification with new evidence (9)

Q17 Select, invent, and use tools, including analog and digital instruments, to make and record direct measurements (12)

Q18 Observe and document events and characteristics of complex systems (12)

Q19 Explain the influence of perspective (e.g., spatial, temporal, and social) on observation and subsequent interpretations (2)

Q20 Create multiple representations of the same data using a variety of symbols, descriptive languages, mathematical concepts, and graphic techniques (12)

Q21 Generate testable hypotheses for observations of complex systems and interactions (4)

Q22 Document potentially hazardous conditions and associated risks in selected homes and public areas (1)

Q23 Participate in public debates, relying on documented and verified data to construct and represent a position on scientific issues

Q24 Construct and test models of physical, biological, social, and geological systems

Q25 Read, verify, debate, and, where necessary, refute research published in popular or technical journals of science (e.g., Discover, Omns, Popular Mechanics) (4)

Q26 Explore discrepant events and develop and test explanations of what was observed (14)

Q27 Conduct theory-based research using surveys, observational instruments, and other methods

Q28 Modify personal opinions, interpretations, explanations, and conclusions based on new information (4)

Q29 Analyze error and develop explanations in various domains (3)

Q30 Formulate taxonomic schemes based upon multivariate models that help to explain similarities and differences in form, distribution, behavior, survival, and origin of objects and organisms (2)

Q31 Demonstrate various logical connections between related concepts (e.g., entropy, conservation of energy) (5)

Q32 Account for discrepancies between theories and observations (8)

Q33 Analyze the changes within a system when inputs, outputs, and interactions are altered (18)

Q34 Create, standardize, and document procedures (6)

Q35 Determine the sources of significant disparities between the predicted and recorded results and change research procedures to minimize disparities (4)

Q36 Research, locate, and propose applications for abstract patterns (e.g., fractals, Fibonacci sequences, string theory, orbitals)

Q37 Recognize and utilize classification systems for particles, elements, compounds, phenomena, organisms, and others for exploring and predicting properties and behaviors

Q38 Suggest and defend alternative experimental designs and data explanations (e.g., sampling, controls, safeguards) (5)

Q39 Recognize and communicate differences between questions that can be investigated in a scientific way and those that rely on other ways of knowing

Q40 Draw conclusions based on the relationships among data analysis, experimental design, and possible models and theories (2)

Q41 Suggest new questions as a result of reflection on and discussions about their own scientific investigations (1)

Q42 Investigate, assess, and comment on strengths and weakness of the descriptive and predictive powers of science

Q43 Create new information from representations of data in a variety of forms (e.g., symbols, descriptive languages, graphic formats) utilizing a variety of techniques (e.g., interpolations, extrapolations, linear regressions, central tendencies, correlation) (7)

K1 Investigate various types of dynamic equilibrium (e.g., biological, geological, mechanical, chemical) (4)

K2 Investigate the relationship between the rates of energy exchange and the relative energy level of components with systems (e.g., trophic levels of ecosytems, osmosis, rate of heating and cooling, storms) (60)

K3 Investigate patterns in the natural world (e.g., heredity, crystalline structures, population and resource distributions, diffraction, dispersion, polarization) (2)

K4 Investigate models and theories that help to explain the interactions of components in systems (e.g., conservation of mass, energy, and momentum; foodwebs; natural selection; entropy; plate tectonics; chaos; relativity; social-psychology)

K5 Investigate degrees of kinship among organisms and groups of organisms

K6 Investigate the limits of the definition of life, and investigate organisms and physical systems that exist at or near these limits (e.g., viruses, quarks, black holes)

K7 Investigate estimates and measurements of a wide range of distances and rates of change

K8 Investigate the historical development of theories of change over time (e.g., natural selection, continental drift, the big bang, geologic change)

K9 Investigate physical and chemical changes in living and non-living systems (e.g., photosynthesis, weathering processes, glaciation, thermal effects of materials, energy cells) (1)

K10 Investigate simulations of nuclear change (e.g., radioactivity, half life, carbon dating)

K11 Investigate conservation principles associated with physical, chemical, and nuclear changes (1)

K12 Formulate descriptions of the impacts of various forms of mechanical and electromagnetic waves on various organisms on each other over time (67)

K13 Formulate models and hypotheses for patterns in the natural world (e.g., earth structures, transportation systems, migrations, communications, constellations) (1)

K14 Formulate explanations for the influences of objects and organisms on each other over time

K15 Formulate and interpret explanations for change phenomena (e.g., mass extinctions, stellar evolution, punctuated equilibrium, molecular synthesis)

K16 Formulate and interpret explanations for the magnitudes of diversity at different periods of geologic time (e.g., mutation, global cataclysms, continental drift, competition, mass extinctions)

K17 Formulate interpretations of the structure, function, and diversity in a variety of organisms and physical systems (e.g., DNA and RNA variants, nucleons, interaction particles)

K18 Formulate understandings of geologic time (e.g., millennia, periods, epochs)

K19 Formulate an understanding of the historical development of the model of the universe

K20 Formulate explanations and representations of the production, transmission, and conservation of energy in biological and physical systems (e.g., weather, volcanism, earthquakes, electricity, magnetism, cellular respiration) (58)

K21 Formulate models and hypotheses about patterns in the natural world (e.g., social behavior, molecular structure, energy transformation, entropy, randomness, aging, chaos, hormonal cycles) (2)

K22 Formulate interpretations of the relationship between energy exchange and the interfaces between components within systems (57)

K23a Formulate estimations for the range of energies within and between various phenomena (e.g., thermal, electromagnetic, thermonuclear, chemical, electrical) (52)

K23b Formulate explanations for the historical development of descriptions of motions interactions and transformations of matter and energy (e.g., classical Newtonian mechanics, special and general relativity, chaos) (1)

K24 Formulate models that can be used to describe fundamental molecular interactions in living and non-living systems (e.g., cell membranes, semiconductors) (1)

K25 Formulate an understanding of the degree of relationship among organisms and objects based on molecular structure (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids)

K26 Formulate hypotheses and models that may account for observable events (e.g., electricity and magnetism, gravitation, atoms, bonding, chemical reactions, quantum effects, energy flow on biological systems, predator-prey relationships) (68)

K27 Formulate models and hypotheses about change over time (e.g., natural selection, speciation, punctuated equilibrium, phyleytic gradualism, stellar evolution, plate tectonics, radioactive decay, quantum mechanical theory)

K28 Formulate lists of limitations and propose refinements of standard classification systems (e.g., periodic table, IUPAC, Linnean, standard model)

K29 Formulate specific cases of limitations and possible exceptions of theories and principles regarding the interactions of moving objects and organisms (e.g., fluid flow in vessels, motion near the speed of light, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, meteorological prediction, local variation and diversity, predicting earthquakes, energy transport in cellular respiration)

K30 Formulate plans and contingencies that can be used to accommodate for changes to and stresses on systems (e.g., wildlife and habitat management, corrosion prevention, noise abatement, structure design) (1)

K31 Formulate models of molecular, atomic, ionic, and subatomic structures and the physical and biological implications of these structures (e.g., genes, nucleons, quarks) (1)

K32 Formulate estimates for a wide range of measurements and scales (e.g., angstroms to light years) (1)

K33 Formulate and interpret representations of time from origin to present accounting for phenomena of scale (e.g., smoothness, punctuations, chaos)

K34 Formulate interpretations of the historical development of various theories of possible causes of diversity among physical and biological phenomena (e.g., the works of Aristotle, Mendel, Darwin, McClintock) (1)

K35 Formulate models and hypotheses that can be used to explain the interactions of components within technological and ecological systems (3)

C1 Participate actively in dialogue about and resolution of community issues (4)

C2 Assess information from various countries in the original language or translated form to ascertain the perspectives of many cultures (5)

C3 Analyze the scientific ideas presented in science fiction stories and films

C4 Perform and repeat investigations to verify data, determine regularity, and reduce the impact of experimental error

C5 Present the results of investigations in a variety of forums

C6 Contribute to the decisions regarding topics for investigation

C7 Use various creative means to communicate interpretations of scientific ideas, concepts, phenomena, and events (1)

C8 Consider the scientific thinking and language of others (1)

C9 Individually and collaboratively produce clearly written representations of investigative results

C10 Fulfill responsibilities as part of a research group

C11 Select and utilize resources by various criteria (e.g., efficiency, effectiveness, health, safety) that are appropriate to the investigations being conducted by groups (1)

C12 Present persuasive argument based on the scientific aspects of controversial issues

C13 Collect, store, retrieve, and manipulate information with available technologies alleges that may range from hand processes up through computer applications (5)

C14 Investigate social issues with a scientific perspective (e.g., human rights, wellness, economics, futurism, environmental ethics)

C15 Keep journals of observations and inferences made over an extended period of time and reflecting upon the impact of these recorded ideas on their thinking and actions

C16 Examine the intellect, perspectives, and ethics of notable scientists (2)

C17 Collect and analyze observations made over extended periods of time and compare these to scientific theories (4)

C18 Create presentations of scientific understandings using diverse modes of expressions

C19 Conduct formal scientific debates in the classroom

C20 Wonder about the likelihood of events that may occur by chance or coincidence

C21 Plan and conduct field trips and experiences for small and large groups

C22 Analyze the historical context which leads to and has lead to scientific theories (2)

C23 Seek information on topics of personal scientific interest from a variety of sources (2)

C24 Conduct learner-developed investigations independently and collaboratively over periods of week and months

C25 Listen attentively and critically to presentations of scientific information made by others (4)

C26 Conduct analyses of propaganda related to scientific issues

C27 Perform investigations that require observations over varying periods of time (2)

C28 Experience scientific concepts as interpreted by other cultures through multimedia and local and global specialists

C29 Access appropriate technology to perform complicated, time-consuming tasks (2)

C30 Relate historical accounts of science to the cultural context in which they were written

C31 Work as a contributing member of a collaborative research group

C32 Examine the influences of social and political structures and realities that contribute to inquiry about scientific issues

C33 Use technology (e.g., desktop publishing, teleconferencing, networking) to communicate scientific ideas (1)

C34 Explore and analyze a variety of perspectives on science (e.g., works by men and women of many racial, ethnic, and cultural groups)

C35 Lead groups of learners of various ages in designing, planning, and conducting science activities (4)

C36 Respect the scientific thinking of others and self (4)

C37 Recognize and contrast different epistemologies (4)

C38 Develop possible courses of action in response to scientific issues of local and global concern

C39 Determine the validity of research conclusions in relation to the design, performance, and results

C40 Develop multimedia presentations of group and individual research projects and investigations appropriate for a variety of audiences and forums

C41 Produce interesting and scientifically correct stories and present them using various modes of expression

C42 Reflect on the ideas and content found in their own journal records (2)

C43 Examine ambiguous results and formulate explanations (4)

C44 Recognize and synthesize the contributions to scientific thought of individuals from many cultures (1)

C45 Construct models and simulations of the component structures and functions of living and non-living entities

C46 Lead multi-age groups in the examination of and planned resolution for scientific issues (4)

C47 Recognize and choose members of research teams based upon the merit of their ideas and skills

C48 Construct a portfolio of products, documentation, and self-evaluations of his/her own abilities, skills, and experiences

C49 Synthesize scientific information from a variety of sources (5)

C50 Evaluate and prioritize scientific issues based upon risk-benefit analyses (4)

C51 Refining scientific skills from a variety of experiences

A1 Answer student-determined questions by designing databases and drawing inferences from the analyses of the information in these data bases (1)

A2 Make personal behavior decisions by interpreting information that has a scientific basis

A3 Propose courses of action that will validate and demonstrate personal understandings of scientific principles

A4 Guide other learners in their understanding of the interactions of technologies and society at various periods in time

A5 Promote and carry out practices that contribute to a sustainable environment

A6 Study and propose improvements in public services and systems in their community

A7 Choose consumer materials utilizing personal and environmental risk and benefit information

A8 Make inferences and draw conclusions using databases, spreadsheets, and other technologies (1)

A9 Do simple trouble-shooting on common electrical and mechanical systems, identifying and eliminating possible causes of malfunctions

A10 Construct devices that perform simple, repetitive actions

A11 Investigate the functionality of various geometric shapes in the natural world and the designed world (e.g., translations from spherical to plan representations cause distortions, triangular shapes contribute to rigidity and stability in structures, round shapes minimize boundary for a given capacity)

A12 Make decisions regarding personal and public health

A13 Evaluate the social and ecological risks and benefits resulting from the use of various consumer products (3)

A14 Analyze the contributions of advances in technology through history to his/her everyday life (3)

A15 Identify and reduce risks and threats to a sustainable environment

A16 Extend the limits of human capabilities using technological enhancements (1)

A17 Use and recognize various propaganda techniques

A18 Solve unique problems using the results of systematic analyses

A19 Choose everyday consumer products that utilize recent innovative and pass appropriate performance criteria

A20 Refine personal career interests through investigations of the diversity of manufacturing, research, service, and invention processes

A21 Predict and investigate the working of toys and tools while controlling and manipulating variables (e.g., friction, gravity, forces)

A22 Write, follow, modify, and extend instructions (e.g., equations, algorithms, formulas, flow diagrams, illustrations) (4)

A23 Create products, make inferences, and draw conclusions using databases, spreadsheets, and other technologies (4)

A24 Predict various scenarios and propose solutions to community issues using scientific information (e.g., actuarial tables, census data, topographic maps, incidence data, climatic data)

A25 Use scientific evidence to consider options and formulate positions about the health and safety of others and him/herself

A26 Search for, use, create, and store objects and information using various strategies and methods of organization and access

A27 Research and write environmental impact statements of his/her own design

A28 Compare school-based science perspectives with those gained through cutting-edge technological applications

A29 Design management plans for natural and human-altered environments (e.g., woodlots, patios, lots, lawns, farmlands, forests)

A30 Refine personal career interests (3)

A31 Promote public awareness of the interaction of technology with social issues

A32 Advocate and propose courses of action for local and global scientific issues using global networks

A33 Use appropriate technologies to prepare and present the findings of investigations incorporating tables, graphs, diagrams, and text (6)

A34 Make informed consumer choices by evaluating and prioritizing information, evidence, and strategies

A35 Develop an informed point-of-view that allows for validation or refutation of the scientific statements and claims of advocated before pursuing courses of action (e.g., contributing support, signing petitions, casting votes)

A36 Differentiate between observations and inferences in the exploration of evidence related to personal, scientific, and community issues

A37 Develop and write environmental impact and safety and hygiene management plans

A38 Use technology to collect, analyze, and communicate information (e.g., electronic networks, desktop publishing, remote sensing, graphing calculators, satellite telemetry, and others) (6)

A39 Design, construct, and market inventions